Which government system is characterized by the concentration of power in a small, elite group?

The government system characterized by the concentration of power in a small, elite group is an oligarchy. In an oligarchic system, a limited number of individuals or families control the political power, often leading to decisions that benefit the ruling elite rather than the general population. This concentration of power can manifest in various forms, including economic elites, military leaders, or other influential groups who maintain authority without broader participation from the majority of citizens.

In contrast, direct democracy emphasizes direct participation from the population in decision-making processes, allowing citizens to vote on legislation and policies themselves. A republic is defined as a representative form of government where officials are elected to make decisions on behalf of the citizens, which diffuses power rather than concentrating it. Lastly, a parliamentary system is characterized by an executive branch derived from the legislative branch, which operates through democratic elections, ensuring that power remains accountable to the public. These systems collectively differ from an oligarchy, where power is restricted to a select few.